\_sh v3.0 400 Rotokas Text \id Why dogs don't talk \au Robert G. Ure \ref Paragraph 1 \t Gaurai raga oisoa toupareve vegoaro. \m Gaurai raga oisoa tou -pa -re -ve vegoa -ro \g name only always be -PROG -3.SG.M -SUB jungle -PL \p N.PN ADV ADV.TEMP V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 N.N -SUFF.N.??? \f Gaurai em wanpela i save stap long bus. \fe Gaurai lived alone in the bush. \ref 2 \t Vaiterei kaakau vaio rera vaitereiaro taporo oisoa toupareve. \m vaiterei kaakau vaio rera vaiterei -aro taporo oisoa tou -pa -re -ve \g PRO.PER.2.DL.M dog DL.ANIM PRO.PER.3.SG.M PRO.PER.2.DL.M -POSS conceal talk always be -PROG -3.SG.M -SUB \p PRO.PER N.F FFP PRO.PER PRO.PER -SUFF.N.5 V.B ADV.TEMP V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 \f Em i save stap wantaim long tupela dok bilong em. \fe He lived with his two dogs. \ref 3 \t Rera raga oisoa toupareve uva viapau oisoa rorupareve. \m rera raga oisoa tou -pa -re -ve uva viapau oisoa roru -pa -re -ve \g PRO.PER.3.SG.M only always be -PROG -3.SG.M -SUB so NEG always happy -PROG -3.SG.M -SUB \p PRO.PER ADV ADV.TEMP V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 PART NEG ADV.TEMP V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 \f Em wanpela i save stap and em i no save hamamas. \fe He was very lonely and unhappy. \ref 4 \t Viapau irai oiratoavai ra irai tapo orareoparo. \m viapau ira -i oira -to -vai ra ira -i tapo ora- reo -pa -ro \g NEG PRO.REL.3.SG.M -ABS PRO.PER.3.SG.F -MASC.SG -NABS COMP PRO.REL.3.SG.M -ABS also RR- talk -PROG -3.SG.M \p NEG PRO.REL -SUFF.N.??? PRO.PER -SUFF.N.2 -SUFF.N.??? COMP PRO.REL -SUFF.N.??? POST SUFF- V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 \f Nogat narapela man long toktok wantaim. \fe He had no one to talk to. \ref Paragraph 5 \t Ovokivuia Gaurai avaroepa vegoarore aue ousia guruvara auere ruvarua purasia. \m o- voki -vu -ia Gaurai ava -ro -epa vegoa -ro -re aue ou -sia guruva -ra auere ruvarua pura -sia \g SPEC- day -ALT -LOC name go -3.SG.M -RP jungle -PL -ALL CONN get -DEP.PURP leaf -PL in order medicine make -DEP.PURP \p PRE.N- N.N -SUFF.N.4 -ENC.N.6 N.PN V.A -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N -SUFF.N.??? -ENC.N.6 CONN V.B -SUFF.V.4 N.N -SUFF.N.??? PART.CONJ N.N V.B -SUFF.V.4 \f Wanpela dei Gaurai bin go long bus na kisim lip bilong wokim marasin. \fe One day, Gaurai went to the bush to get some magic leaves. \ref 6 \t Ruipaparoepa oisio ra guruvara vatereve rera vaitereiaropa kaakau vaio. \m ruipa -pa -ro -epa oisio ra guruva -ra vate -re -ve rera vaiterei -aro -pa kaakau vaio \g want -PROG -3.SG.M -RP like COMP leaf -PL give -3.SG.M -SUB PRO.PER.3.SG.M PRO.PER.2.DL.M -POSS -BEN dog DL.ANIM \p V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 COMP COMP N.N -SUFF.N.??? V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 PRO.PER PRO.PER -SUFF.N.5 -ENC.N.6 N.F FFP \f Em i bin laik givim lip long ol dok bilong em. \fe He wanted to give the leaves to his dogs. \ref Paragraph 7 \t Gaurai guruvara goagoarapiereva uva vara vatereva kaakau vaiopa uva vara aiosiva. \m Gaurai guruva -ra goagoarapie -re -va uva vara vate -re -va kaakau vaio -pa uva vara aio -si -va \g name leaf -PL make boil -3.SG.M -RP so PRO.PER.3.PL.F give -3.SG.M -RP dog DL.ANIM -BEN so PRO.PER.3.PL.F eat -3.DL.M -RP \p N.PN N.N -SUFF.N.??? V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART PRO.PER V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 N.F FFP -ENC.N.6 PART PRO.PER V.B -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 \f Gaurai i bin boilim ol lip na givim ol long dok bilong em na ol i kaikaiim. \fe Gaurai boiled the leaves and gave them to the dogs to eat. \ref 8 \t Oa iava kaakau vaio rovosiepa reoreopaoro uvare guruvara aiosiva. \m oa iava kaakau vaio rovosi -epa reoreo -pa -oro uvare guruva -ra aio -si -va \g PRO.REL.3.SG.N ABL dog DL.ANIM sufficient -RP discuss -PROG -DEP.SIM because leaf -PL eat -3.DL.M -RP \p PRO.REL POST N.F FFP V.A -SUFF.V.A.5 V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 PART.CONJ N.N -SUFF.N.??? V.B -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 \f Ol dok i bin stat long toktok bihain long ol i bin kaikaiim ol lip. \fe The dogs began to talk after eating all the leaves. \ref 9 \t Gaurai rorureva uvare oisio vaitereo tapo orareoparavere kaakau vaio. \m Gaurai roru -re -va uvare oisio vaitereo tapo ora- reo -pa -ra -vere kaakau vaio \g name happy -3.SG.M -RP because like PRO.DEM.PROX.DL.M also RR- talk -PROG -1.SG -NF dog DL.ANIM \p N.PN V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART.CONJ COMP PRO.DEM POST SUFF- V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.5 N.F FFP \f Gaurai i bin hamamas nau bikos em i bin inap long toktok wantaim ol dok bilong em. \fe Gauarai was now happy because he could talk with his dogs. \ref Paragraph 10 \t Ovokivuia avukato oisio puraroepa rera vaitereiarore kaakau vaio, \m o- voki -vu -ia avukato oisio pura -ro -epa rera vaiterei -aro -re kaakau vaio \g SPEC- day -ALT -LOC old person like say -3.SG.M -RP PRO.PER.3.SG.M PRO.PER.2.DL.M -POSS -ALL dog DL.ANIM \p PRE.N- N.N -SUFF.N.4 -ENC.N.6 N.N2 COMP V.A -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 PRO.PER PRO.PER -SUFF.N.5 -ENC.N.6 N.F FFP \f Wanpela dei dispela lapun man i bin tokim ol dok bilong em olsem, \fe One day, the old man said to his dogs, \ref Paragraph 10.5 \t ``Toupasivere kepa tokipaoro vigei vaaro''. \m tou -pa -si -vere kepa toki -pa -oro vigei va -aro \g be -PROG -3.DL.M -NF house look.after -PROG -DEP.SIM PRO.PER.1.PL.INC PRO.PER.3.SG.N -POSS \p V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.5 N.N V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 PRO.PER PRO.PER -SUFF.N.5 \f ``Mobeta bai yupela i lukautim haus bilong yumi.'' \fe ``Please look after our house. \ref 11 \t Ragai avaparai voroosia.'' \m ragai ava -pa -ra -ei voroo -sia \g PRO.PER.1.SG go -PROG -1.SG -PRES hunt -DEP.PURP \p PRO.PER V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 V.B -SUFF.V.4 \f Bai mi go lukaut pik.'' \fe I will go hunting.'' \ref 12 \t Kaakau vaio viapau rorupasiva osa tosivai ita kepa tokipaoro. \m kaakau vaio viapau roru -pa -si -va osia tosi -vai ita kepa toki -pa -oro \g dog DL.ANIM NEG happy -PROG -3.DL.M -RP as cut -NABS again house look.after -PROG -DEP.SIM \p N.F FFP NEG V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART.CONJ V.B -SUFF.N.??? ADV.TEMP N.N V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 \nt What's the story with 'tosivai'? \f Tupela dok i bin sori tasol ol i bin stap bek na lukautim haus. \fe The two dogs were sad but they stayed back to look after the house. \ref Paragraph 13 \t Oire oeavu oirara urioaepa kepa iare. \m oire oea -vu oirara urio -a -epa kepa iare \g okay PRO.3.PL.M -ALT people come -3.PL -RP house towards \p EXCL PRO.PER -SUFF.N.4 N.N.PL V.A -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N POST \f Bihain nau sampela man i bin kamap long haus. \fe Then some men came to the house. \ref 14 \t Igeia voroopairara vavo uruio iava. \m igei -a voroo -pa -irara vavo urui -o iava \g PRO.PER.1.PL.EXCL -??? hunt with dogs -PROG -PL there village -??? ABL \p PRO.PER -SUFF.N V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.N LOC N.??? -SUFF.N.??? POST \f Mipela ol man bilong lukaut pik bilong narapela ples. \fe ``We are hunters from the next village. \ref 15 \t Igei uuko regapaiei. \m igei uuko rega -pa -i -ei \g PRO.PER.1.PL.EXCL water thirst for -PROG -1.PL.EXCL -PRES \p PRO.PER N.??? V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 \f Mipela i nek drai. \fe We are thirsty. \ref 16 \t Igei uukaio ruipapaiei. \m igei uukaio ruipa -pa -i -ei \g PRO.PER.1.PL.EXCL drink want -PROG -1.PL.EXCL -PRES \p PRO.PER V.A V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 \f Mipela i laik dring wara. \fe We want to drink some water.'' \ref Paragraphs 17 \t ``Viapau, teapi koatapata kepa sovaraia," osia purasiepa kaakau vaio. \m viapau teapi koata -pa -ta kepa siovara -ia osia pura -si -epa kaakau vaio \g NEG lest enter -PROG -2.PL house inside -LOC as make -3.DL.M -RP dog DL.ANIM \p NEG PART.APPR V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 N.N N.LOC -ENC.N.6 PART.CONJ V.B -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.F FFP \f ``Nogat, yupela i no ken go insait long haus,'' ol dok i bin singaut. \fe ``No, don't go inside the house,'' the dogs shouted. \ref 18 \t ``Vegei visii vatepave aue uuko.'' \m vegei visii vate -pa -ve aue uuko \g PRO.PER.1.DL.EXCL PRO.PER.2.PL give -PROG -1.DL CONN water \p PRO.PER PRO.PER V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 CONN N.??? \f ``Bai mipela givim yupela wara.'' \fe ``We will give you some water.'' \ref Paragraph 19 \t Osia viapau reo uvuaepa oirara. \m osia viapau reo uvu -a -epa oirara \g as NEG talk hear -3.PL -RP people \p PART.CONJ NEG V.A V.B -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N.PL \f Tasol ol man i no bin harim tok. \fe But the men didn't listen. \ref 20 \t ``Avata, visii vuriirara kaakau kare,'' osia puraaepa. \m ava -ta visii vuri -irara kaakau kare osia pura -a -epa \g go -2.PL PRO.PER.2.PL bad -PL dog animals as say -3.PL -RP \p V.A -SUFF.V.4 PRO.PER V.A -SUFF.N N.F FFP PART.CONJ V.A -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 \f ``Yupela i go, ol rabis dok,'' ol i bin singaut. \fe ``Go away, you silly dogs,'' they shouted. \ref 21 \t Oirara vurukoara ouiva uva kaakau vaio gisipoaro ragipaiva uva tuvuusiepa. \m oirara vuruko -ara ou -i -va uva kaakau vaio gisipo -aro ragi -pa -i -va uva tuvu -u -si -epa \g people log -PL get -3.PL -RP so dog DL.ANIM mouth -POSS beat -PROG -3.PL -RP so \p N.N.PL N.??? -SUFF V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART N.F FFP N.F -SUFF.N.5 V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART \nt What's the story with 'tuvuusiepa'? \f Ol man i bin kisim stik na paitim ol dok inap maus bilong ol i bin solap. \fe The men got sticks and hit the dogs until their mouths were swollen. \ref Paragraph 22 \t Oirara koataiepa kepa sovaraia uva oara rutu ouiva gaurai vaararo uva varava toriiva. \m oirara koata -i -epa kepa siovara -ia uva oara rutu ou -i -va gau -ra -ei vaara -ro uva vara -va tori -i -va \g people enter -3.PL -RP house inside -LOC so PRO.REL.3.PL.N very get -3.PL -RP cry -1.SG -PRES cured -PL so PRO.PER.3.PL.F -ABL run away -3.PL -RP \p N.N.PL V.A -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N N.LOC -ENC.N.6 PART PRO.REL ADV V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 V.B -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 V.??? -SUFF.N.??? PART PRO.PER -ENC.N.6 V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 \nt Check all intransitive stems ending with 'i' in the third person plural. What happens to vowel length? \f Ol man i go insait long hause na kisim olgeta samting bilong Gaurai na ranawe wantaim. \fe The men went into the house and took all of Gaurai's belongings and went away. \ref Paragraph 23 \t Kaakau vaio rirovira siraosiepa. \m kaakau vaio rirovira sirao -si -epa \g dog DL.ANIM big-time pity -3.DL.M -RP \p N.F FFP ADV V.A -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 \f Ol dok i bin sori tru. \fe The dogs were very sad. \ref 24 \t Garevisivi oravirupaoro avasiepa reeta iare kepaia. \m garevisivi oraviru -pa -oro ava -si -epa reeta iare kepa -ia \g carefully shift itself -PROG -DEP.SIM go -3.DL.M -RP ladder towards house -LOC \p ??? V.A.REFL -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 V.A -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N POST N.N -ENC.N.6 \f Ol i bin go isiisi na slip klostu long ol step bilong haus. \fe They crept away and slept near the step of the house. \ref Paragraph 25 \t Vokiarovi kareroepa Gaurai voroopa tapiva. \m vokiarovi kare -ro -epa Gaurai voroo -pa tapi -va \g afternoon return -3.SG.M -RP name hunt -DERIV place -ABL \p TIME V.A -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.PN V.B -SUFF N.N -ENC.N.6 \f Long apinun Gaurai i bin kam bek long painim pik. \fe In the afternoon Gaurai arrived back from hunting. \ref 26 \t Uva kaakau vaio kekereva tuuvuuarava kagaveia ora gisipoaraia. \m uva kaakau vaio keke -re -va tuuvuu -ara -va kagave -ia ora gisipo -ara -ia \g so dog DL.ANIM look -3.SG.M -RP swelling -PL -ABL forehead -LOC and mouth -PL -LOC \p PART N.F FFP V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 N.N -SUFF -ENC.N.6 N.F -ENC.N.6 PART.CONJ N.F -SUFF -ENC.N.6 \f Em i bin lukim ol dok wantaim ol maus na pes bilong ol i solap. \fe He saw the dogs with swollen faces and mouths. \ref 27 \t ``Eake kareke?'' osia akereva. \m eake kareke osia ake -re -va \g what appear as ask -3.SG.M -RP \p INTER V.A PART.CONJ V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 \f ``Wanem samting i bin kamap?'' em i bin askim ol. \fe ``What happened?'' he asked. \ref 28 \t Viapau kaakau vaio oreovuavuvai purasiva. \m viapau kaakau vaio o- reo -vu -a -vu -vai pura -si -va \g NEG dog DL.ANIM SPEC- talk -ALT -??? -ALT -NABS make -3.DL.M -RP \p NEG N.F FFP PRE.N- V.A -SUFF.N.4 -SUFF.N -SUFF.N.4 -SUFF.N.??? V.B -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 \f Tasol ol dok i no bin tokim wanpela samting. \fe But the dogs would not say anything. \ref 29 \t Aiterea rirovira upiapasiepa. \m aiterei -a rirovira upia -pa -si -epa \g 3.DL.M -??? big-time in pain -PROG -3.DL.M -RP \p PRO.PER -SUFF.N ADV V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 \f Ol i bin gat bikpela pen. \fe They were in pain. \ref Paragraph 30 \t Viapau uvuiparoi Gaurai ra variia tarairo oa karekepa kaakau vaioia. \m viapau uvui -pa -ro -ei Gaurai ra vari -ia tarai -ro oa kareke -epa kaakau vaio -ia \g NEG be.able -PROG -3.SG.M -PRES name COMP PRO.DEM.DIST.SG.N -LOC understand -3.SG.M PRO.REL.3.SG.N appear -RP dog DL.ANIM -LOC \p NEG V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.PN COMP PRO.DEM -ENC.N.6 V.A -SUFF.V.A.4 PRO.REL V.A -SUFF.V.A.5 N.F FFP -ENC.N.6 \nt What does 'variia' mean? \f Gaurai i no inap painim wanem samting i bin kamap long ol dok. \fe Gaurai never found out what happened to the dogs. \ref 31 \t Osia taraiparoepa oisio iravu kaakau vaio uporevo ora auero rutu kavirurevo. \m osia tarai -pa -ro -epa oisio ira -vu kaakau vaio upo -re -vo ora auero rutu kaviru -re -vo \g as understand -PROG -3.SG.M -RP like PRO.REL.3.SG.M -ALT dog DL.ANIM hit -3.SG.M -IP and these very steal -3.SG.M -IP \p PART.CONJ V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 COMP PRO.REL -SUFF.N.4 N.F FFP V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART.CONJ N.N ADV V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 \f Tasol em i bin save olsem sampela man i bin paitim ol dok bilong em na stilim olgeta samting bilong em. \fe But he knew someone had beaten his dogs and stolen his belongings. \ref 32 \t Evo vuuta iava eaka ovoisiepa reoreopaarapa. \m evo vuuta iava eaka ovoi -si -epa reoreo -pa -arapa \g PRO.DEM.??? time ABL give up finish -3.DL.M -RP converse -PROG -DEP.DIS \p PRO.DEM N.??? POST V.B V.A -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 \f Long dispela taim, ol dok i bin pinis long toktok. \fe Since then, all dogs have stopped talking. \ref 33 \t Reoreo ruiparagapasiepa osia gisiporirei riro vavatapaereiepa. \m reoreo ruipa - raga -pa -si -epa osia gisipo -rirei riro vavata -pa -ere -i -epa \g converse want - only -PROG -3.DL.M -RP as mouth -FEM.DL very heavy -PROG -3.DL.F -3.PL -RP \p V.A V.A - ADV -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 PART.CONJ N.F -SUFF.N.??? ADV V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 \f Ol i bin laik toktok, tasol maus bilong ol i bin hevi. \fe They wanted to talk, but their mouths were heavy.